Archive for the ‘humor’ Category
Humor för nationalekonomer
SvD rapporterar om en ny liten, liten kaka. Min undran: Ska det inte stå ”Mikron”?
Eva skapades av Adams revben
Wittgenstein knyter, efter att ha brutit ett revben, an till den bibliska skapelsemyten:
Thought of having the rib removed and of having a wife made of it, but they tell me that this art has been lost!
Filosof om heminredning
All I want to say today is: there is NO way of keeping a CARPET clean. I REFUSE to ever live in a room which has one.
Tre sångfåglar
Ella Fitzgerald, Dinah Shore och Joan Sutherland. En briljerar. ”Sänk vår mikrofon, sänk vår mikrofon!”
Teologens mardröm
En av utgångspunkterna i religiöst tänkande är att jorden och människorna härpå är viktiga och föremål för någon guds uppmärksamhet. Bertrand Russell driver med denna typen av utgångspunkt i den härliga, korta texten ”The Theologian’s Nightmare”, som härmed återges som underhållande söndagsläsning:
The eminent theologian Dr. Thaddeus dreamt that he died and pursued his course toward heaven. His studies had prepared him and he had no difficulty in finding the way. He knocked at the door of heaven, and was met with a closer scrutiny than he expected. ”I ask admission,” he said, ”because I was a good man and devoted my life to the glory of God.” ”Man?” said the janitor, ”What is that? And how could such a funny creature as you do anything to promote the glory of God?” Dr. Thaddeus was astonished. ”You surely cannot be ignorant of man. You must be aware that man is the supreme work of the Creator.” ”As to that,” said the janitor, ”I am sorry to hurt your feelings, but what you’re saying is news to me. I doubt if anybody up here has ever heard of this thing you call ‘man.’ However, since you seem distressed, you shall have a chance of consulting our librarian.”
The librarian, a globular being with a thousand eyes and one mouth, bent some of his eyes upon Dr. Thaddeus. ”What is this?” he asked the janitor. ”This,” replied the janitor, ”says that it is a member of a species called ‘man,’ which lives in a place called ‘Earth.’ It has some odd notion that the Creator takes a special interest in this place and this species. I thought perhaps you could enlighten it.” ”Well,” said the librarian kindly to the theologian, ”perhaps you can tall me where this place is that you call ‘Earth.’” ”Oh,” said the theologian, ”it’s part of the Solar System.” ”And what is the Solar System?” asked the librarian. ”Oh,” said the theologian, somewhat disconcerted, ”my province was Sacred Knowledge, but the question that you are asking belongs to profane knowledge. However, I have learnt enough from my astronomical friends to be able to tell you that the Solar System is part of the Milky Way.” ”And what is the Milky Way?” asked the librarian. ”Oh, the Milky Way is one of the Galaxies, of which, I am told, there are some hundred million.” ”Well, well,” said the librarian, ”you could hardly expect me to remember one out of so many. But I do remember to have heard the word galaxy’ before. In fact, I believe that one of our sub-librarians specializes in galaxies. Let us send for him and see whether he can help.”
After no very long time, the galactic sub-librarian made his appearance. In shape, he was a dodecahedron. It was clear that at one time his surface had been bright, but the dust of the shelves had rendered him dim and opaque. The librarian explained to him that Dr. Thaddeus, in endeavoring to account for his origin, had mentioned galaxies, and it was hoped that information could be obtained from the galactic section of the library. ”Well,” said the sub-librarian, ”I suppose it might become possible in time, but as there are a hundred million galaxies, and each has a volume to itself, it takes some time to find any particular volume. Which is it that this odd molecule desires?” ”It is the one called ‘The Milky Way,’” Dr. Thaddeus falteringly replied. ”All right,” said the sub- librarian, ”I will find it if I can.”
Some three weeks later, he returned, explaining that the extraordinarily efficient card index in the galactic section of the library had enabled him to locate the galaxy as number QX 321,762. ”We have employed,” he said, ”all the five thousand clerks in the galactic section on this search. Perhaps you would like to see the clerk who is specially concerned with the galaxy in question?” The clerk was sent for and turned out to be an octahedron with an eye in each face and a mouth in one of them. He was surprised and dazed to find himself in such a glittering region, away from the shadowy limbo of his shelves. Pulling himself together, he asked, rather shyly, ”What is it you wish to know about my galaxy?” Dr. Thaddeus spoke up: ”What I want is to know about the Solar System, a collection of heavenly bodies revolving about one of the stars in your galaxy. The star about which they revolve is called ‘the Sun.’” ”Humph,” said the librarian of the Milky Way, ”it was hard enough to hit upon the right galaxy, but to hit upon the right star in the galaxy is far more difficult. I know that there are about three hundred billion stars in the galaxy, but I have no knowledge, myself, that would distinguish one of them from another. I believe, however, that at one time a list of the whole three hundred billion was demanded by the Administration and that it is still stored in the basement. If you think it worth while, I will engage special labor from the Other Place to search for this particular star.”
It was agreed that, since the question had arisen and since Dr. Thaddeus was evidently suffering some distress, this might be the wisest course.
Several years later, a very weary and dispirited tetrahedron presented himself before the galactic sub-librarian. ”I have,” he said, ”at last discovered the particular star concerning which inquiries have been made, but I am quite at a loss to imagine why it has aroused any special interest. It closely resembles a great many other stars in the same galaxy. It is of average size and temperature, and is surrounded by very much smaller bodies called ‘planets.’ After minute investigation, I discovered that some, at least, of these planets have parasites, and I think that this thing which has been making inquiries must be one of them.”
At this point, Dr. Thaddeus burst out in a passionate and indignant lament: ”Why, oh why, did the Creator conceal from us poor inhabitants of Earth that it was not we who prompted Him to create the Heavens? Throughout my long life, I have served Him diligently, believing that He would notice my service and reward me with Eternal Bliss. And now, it seems that He was not even aware that I existed. You tell me that I am an infinitesimal animalcule on a tiny body revolving round an insignificant member of a collection of three hundred billion stars, which is only one of many millions of such collections. I cannot bear it, and can no longer adore my Creator.” ”Very well,” said the janitor, ”then you can go to the Other Place.”
Here the theologian awoke. ”The power of Satan over our sleeping imagination is terrifying,” he muttered.
Satan, vik hädan! Vi är speciella.
Husdjur i min smak
En god tysk vän till mig skickade mig denna historia, som jag fann mycket skojig:
”Je ne pense pas que je puisse connaître un moment de bonheur plus intense que celui”*, the aged French aristocrat uttered overwhelmed with emotion while offering lettuce to Wukei, his ceramic tortoise that served him as a mascot symbolising prudence and longevity.
___________________
*”Jag tror inte att jag kan uppleva ett ögonblick av mer intensiv lycka än detta”.
Ovanligt sätt att dö
I ”Cranial Trauma in Ancient Greece: From Homer to Classical Authors”, publicerad i Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, rapporteras bl.a. om hur en stor grekisk poet dog:
The death of the father of tragedy, Aeschylos (524–455 B.C.) is a very unusual case of accidental head trauma. At the age of seventy Aeschylos was mortally injured by a turtle thrown by an eagle on his head (Aelian, 1971).
Se upp för fallande sköldpaddor!
Ifrågasatta bloggare
Mina nationalekonomiska bloggarkollegor på Ekonomistas gillas inte av alla. I DI idag visas denna bild från Portugal:
Översättning: ”Dessa ekonomistas?! Vad ska de vara bra för?!” :-)
Vad ska man säga på en vetenskaplig konferens?

Deirdre McCloskey gästade Stockholm i förra veckan, och hon nämnde då att ekonomipristagaren George Stigler hade formulerat förslag på vad man ska säga när man kommenterar andras uppsatser på nationalekonomiska konferenser. Eftersom kommentarer tenderar att vara desamma föreslog Stigler att det borde räcka att ange bokstäver och siffror beroende på vad man har att säga. I ”The Conference Handbook”, publicerad i Journal of Political Economy, anger han dessa koder:
Introductory Remarks
A The paper is a splendid review of the literature, but unfortunately it does not break new ground.
B The paper admirably solves the problem which it sets for itself; unfortunately, this was the wrong problem.
C What a pity that the vast erudition and industry of the author were misdirected.
D I am an amateur in this field so my remarks must be diffident and tentative. However, even a novice must find much to quarrel with in this piece.
E I can be very sympathetic with the author; until 2 years ago I was thinking along similar lines.
F It is good to have a nonspecialist looking at our problem. There is always a chance of a fresh viewpoint, although usually, as in this case, the advantages of the division of labor are reaffirmed.
G This paper contains much that is new and much that is good.
H Although the paper was promised 3 weeks ago, I received it as I entered this room.
Comments
1 Adam Smith said that.
2 Unfortunately, there is an identification problem which is not dealt with adequately in the paper.
3 The residuals are clearly non-normal, and the specification of the model is incorrect.
4 Theorizing is not fruitful at this stage; we need a series of case studies.
5 Case studies are a clue, but no real progress can be made until a model of the process is constructed.
6 The second-best consideration would, of course, vitiate the argument.
7 That is an index number problem (obs., except in Cambridge).
8 Have you tried two-stage least squares?
9 The conclusions change if you introduce uncertainty.
10 You didn’t use probit analysis?
11 I proved the main results in a paper published years ago.
12 The analysis is marred by a failure to distinguish transitory and permanent components.
13 The market cannot, of course, deal satisfactorily with that externality.
14 But what if transaction costs are not zero?
15 That follows from the Coase Theorem.
16 Of course, if you allow for the investment in human capital, the entire picture changes.
17 Of course, the demand function is quite inelastic.
18 Of course, the supply function is highly inelastic.
19 The author uses a sledgehammer to crack a peanut.
20 What empirical finding would contradict your theory?
21 The central argument is not only a tautology, it is false.
22 What happens when you extend the analysis to the later (or earlier) period?
23 The motivation of the agents in this theory is so narrowly egotistic that it cannot possibly explain the behavior of real people.
24 The flabby economic actor in this impressionistic model should be replaced by the utility-maximizing individual.
25 Did you have any trouble in inverting the singular matrix?
26 It is unfortunate that the wrong choice was made between M1 and M2.
27 That is alright in theory, but it doesn’t work out in practice (use sparingly).
28 The speaker apparently believes that there is still one free lunch.
29 The problem cannot be dealt with by partial equilibrium methods; it requires a general equilibrium formulation.
30 The paper is rigidly confined by the paradigm of neoclassical economics, so large parts of urgent reality are outside its comprehension.
31 The conclusion rests on the assumption of fixed tastes, but (of course) tastes have surely changed.
32 The trouble with the present situation is that the property rights have not been fully assigned.
Mina favoriter är F och H samt 1, 21 och 24. Vilka är dina? Nu gäller det bara att plugga in dem och hoppas att andra också gör det inför nästa konferens!
Skägg skapar tillit
Dessa nya forskningsrön förstår jag mig inte alls på:
A recent study in the Journal of Marketing Communications found that men with beards were deemed more credible than those who were clean-shaven. The study showed participants pictures of men endorsing certain products. In some photos, the men were clean-shaven. In others, the same men had beards. Participants thought the men with beards had greater expertise and were significantly more trustworthy when they were endorsing products like cell phones and toothpaste.
Själv blir jag rädd för män med skägg. Jag undrar: Vad försöker de dölja? Jag måste vara en atypisk konsument. Nå, denna studie studerade bara välansade och medelstora skägg. Det finns ju en rad olika ansiktsprydnader med, kan man gissa, lite olika effekter på tilliten. Ta en titt på detta schema, som ger lite prediktioner (klicka för större bild):
Charmig schackspelare
Jeremy Bernstein berättar om världsmästaren i schack Bobby Fischer:
One Sunday, Kubrick and I watched Fischer’s interview with Mike Wallace for “60 Minutes.” It was around the time of Fischer’s birthday and Wallace had come with a cake. “I don’t like that kind of cake,” Fischer said graciously. Then he told Wallace how he had learned to play chess. His older sister had taught him the moves. He soon began beating her so he spotted her pieces. Then he said that that no longer worked so he began playing with himself—Fischer vs. Fischer. “Mostly I won,” he commented with no trace of humor.
Jag kan inte låta bli att beundra en person som säger vad han tycker när någon kommer med en tårta han inte gillar. Och jag gillar personer som inte inser hur roliga de är i andras ögon. Läs mer om Bobby Fischer här.
Se även inlägget ”Världens främste schackspelare”.
Ett samhälle med kärlek
Wiliam Bolcom har komponerat en underbar liten sång, ”Amor”, om hur skönhet och kärlek kan transformera en stad — t.o.m. de religiösa! Läs texten och lyssna på detta framförande av Raeeka Shehabi-Yaghmai:
En allvarlig man
Jag har just varit i USA, och under resan såg jag fyra filmer. En av dem var A Serious Man, om en judisk fysikprofessor som upplever en livskris när frun meddelar att hon vill överge honom. Filmen illustrerar livets fundamentala meningslöshet, men också hur vissa människor tenderar att försöka skapa sig mening och förståelse genom religion, ibland utan att lyckas. En för mig rolig scen var när huvudpersonen, i sin strävan att förstå vad som hände i hans liv, försökte få tid att tala med en erfaren rabbin, som han såg sitta vid sitt skrivbord utan att göra något. Sekreteraren ville mota bort honom och sa:
—The rabbi is busy
—He didn’t look busy.
—He’s thinking.
Och mannen fick ge sig av.
Orsak till homosexualitet
En kvinna som säger sig kunna ”bota” homosexuella genom terapi ställer en mycket viktig fråga till en (wallraffande) ”patient”:
She moves on. ”Any Freemasonry in the family?” No, I say, again asking her to elaborate. ”Because that often encourages it as well. It has a spiritual effect on males and it often comes out as SSA [same-sex attraction].”
Om jag hade känt till denna koppling hade jag inte varit så snabb med att avfärda frimurarna.
Se även inläggen ”Terapi för att byta läggning”, ”Bota homosexualitet?” och ”Kan homosexuella bli strejta?”.
Balanserad önskan att dö
Författaren Sir Terry Pratchett gav detta års Richard Dimbley-föreläsning på temat ”Shaking Hands with Death”. Sir Terry har sjukdomen PCA, en form av Alzheimers, och talar uppriktigt, allvarligt och humoristiskt om hur det är ytterst önskvärt att kunna få hjälp att dö, på ett lugnt och kontrollerat sätt, i ett läge när livet pga. svår sjukdom inte längre anses värt att leva. Jag tyckte mycket om denna del av föreläsningen, här återgiven från en nedkortad utskrift:
As a pallid and nervous young journalist I got to know about suicide. It was part of my regular tasks to sit in at the coroner’s court, where I learned all the manifold ways the disturbed human brain can devise to die. Newspapers were a little more kindly in those days, and we tended not to go into too much detail, but I had to listen to it. And I remember that coroners never used the word ”insanity”. They preferred the more compassionate verdict that the subject had ”taken his life while the balance of his mind was disturbed”. There was ambivalence to the phrase, a suggestion of the winds of fate and overwhelming circumstance.
In fact, by now, I have reached the conclusion that a person may make a decision to die because the balance of their mind is level, realistic, pragmatic, stoic and sharp. And that is why I dislike the term ”assisted suicide” applied to the carefully thought-out and weighed-up process of having one’s life ended by gentle medical means.
The people who thus far have made the harrowing trip to Dignitas in Switzerland to die seemed to me to be very firm and methodical of purpose, with a clear prima-face case for wanting their death to be on their own terms. In short, their minds may well be in better balance than the world around them.
Jag finner det mycket störande att psykiater och andra har fått för sig att definiera allt självvalt döende som ”ett misslyckande” och som ett tecken på att en person är ur balans. Sir Terry har helt rätt: det finns fullt rationella skäl att vilja dö, och de som upplever sådana ska kunna få hjälp att dö så skonsamt som möjligt.
På YouTube kan man se föreläsningen, som pga. sjukdomen läses av Sir Terrys vän Tony Robinson (Baldrick i Black Adder), i sex delar. Citatet ovan återfinns i del tre, vid 4.50. Här kan man se del 1, del 2, del 3, del 4, del 5 och del 6. Lyssning rekommenderas varmt!
Se även inläggen ”Rationell syn på självmord” och ”Självvald död”.
Vad är det för hundar egentligen?
Witold Gombrowicz, den absurda formuleringskonstens mästare, i Trans-Atlantic (s. 89):
Sålunda kom två stycken jyckar, varav den ena var en kuperad Pekines men med yvig svans …
Och på s. 90:
Jag frågade så, för just då hade en liten jycke, lik en varg, men också en tax, sprungit förbi …
En enkel ekonomipristagare
Paul Samuelson, på frågan om vilken favoriträtt han har:
Skim milk.
Ur Horn, Karen Ilse (2009). Roads to Wisdom: Conversations with Ten Nobel Laureates in Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar: 267.
Vad är anatidefobi?
Människors psykologiska sida kan uppvisa märkliga drag, såsom udda fobier:
Anatidaephobia is defined as a pervasive, irrational fear that one is being watched by a duck. The anatidaephobic individual fears that no matter where they are or what they are doing, a duck watches.
Vad är politik?
Ernest Benn:
Politics is the art of looking for trouble, finding it whether it exists or not, diagnosing it incorrectly, and applying the wrong remedy.
Tips: Stephen Davies.
Jag ville slippa gymnastiken
Jag var inte alls förtjust i ämnet gymnastik under min skoltid. Jag förstod inte poängen med att slösa bort tid på trista övningar och sporter när man istället kunde läsa mer matematik och svenska. När jag gick i femte klass var måttet rågat. Jag och min bästis Johan skrev ett brev till skolminister Britt Mogård (m). Det vi inte hade räknat med var att lokaltidningen Tranås-Posten skulle skriva om vårt brev:
Det blev lite pinsamt i skolan när alla förstod vilka som hade skrivit brevet. Min uppfattning om gymnastiken var välkänd.
Sann självinsikt
People who try to pretend they’re superior make it so much harder for those of us who really are.
Att svimma av skratt
Ett forskningsbrev till Journal of the American Medical Association beskriver ett fall där en frisk 32-årig frisör får höra en rolig historia — och svimmar av skratt. (Tidigare forskning har bl.a. belagt svimning till följd av tyngdlyftning och trumpetspelande.) Brevet avslutas:
Laughter has frequently been proposed to be the best medicine. However, as with any intervention, an excessive dose may result in adverse events.
Man bör värdesätta de halvtråkiga bekanta som inte förmår locka till intensiva skratt. Svimning är inte att leka med!
Tips: Mind Hacks.
Motion på arbetstid
Nationalekonomen Marc von der Ruhr beskrivs så här:
He enjoys breaking up his workdays with brief workouts that include running regressions and jumping to conclusions.
Maskiner med omtanke
Forskare i artificiell intelligens har mötts för att diskutera farorna med att maskiner tar över eller, i alla fall, blir skadliga för människor. Men konferensens arrangör Eric Horvitz noterade också att maskiner kan föra goda saker med sig:
He recently demonstrated a voice-based system that he designed to ask patients about their symptoms and to respond with empathy. When a mother said her child was having diarrhea, the face on the screen said, “Oh no, sorry to hear that.” A physician told him afterward that it was wonderful that the system responded to human emotion. “That’s a great idea,” Dr. Horvitz said he was told. “I have no time for that.”
Om maskinerna kan ta hand om empatin kan läkarna få tid för fler patienter och minska väntetiderna. Utmärkt!
Släppa väder – en ekonomisk analys
Ekonomisk analys kan tillämpas på de mest skilda områden. Med risk för att chockera känsliga personer analyserar Glen Whitman den sociala konvention som säger att det är oacceptabelt att släppa väder i närvaro av andra. Han börjar med att konstatera att även om det kan vara individuellt rationellt att släppa väder i närvaro av andra, är det inte socialt önskvärt att alla gör det:
To be more specific, let r be the relief from passing gas, and let d be the olfactory discomfort experienced by each person for each passage of gas. For simplicity, assume these parameters are the same for all persons. Suppose there are n people, each with an equal likelihood of needing to pass gas.
In these circumstances, we might observe a kind of tragedy of the commons. Absent an effective social convention against passing gas, each person rationally chooses to let loose if:
r > d
But the collective flatulence will make everyone worse off if:
nd > r
If so, then everyone will choose to cut loose, even though they’d all be better off if they all restrained themselves. So a convention that successfully induced people to restrain their flatulence would make everyone better off.
Han fortsätter med att konstatera att upprätthållandet av denna konvention kräver hårda straff:
The difficulty of detecting flatulators might explain the relatively high punishment associated with it. Given that flatulence is a completely natural impulse, and that others’ discomfort is usually minor and temporary, social ostracism and public shaming might seem out of proportion to the crime. Yet when the probability of conviction is low, the magnitude of punishment must be correspondingly high to provide a sufficient disincentive.
Det tycks mig som om hotet om straff i allmänhet fungerar i detta fall – konventionen är vid god vigör. Gott så.
Se vad Sjukvårdsupplysningen har att säga om gasbesvär.
Onaturlig intimitet
Hyacinth och Richard Bucket har införskaffat en liten, liten våning i en herrgård på landet. När de fastnar i varandra i det lilla, lilla köket känner Hyacinth förståeligt obehag:
Är kvinnor lämpliga nationalekonomer?
Adjunkt Vilhelm Persson berättar följande, i Bo Baldersons Statsrådets verk (s. 10):
Jag skulle resa. Men ett villkor var ställt: jag skulle inte föras ut till ön med statsrådet vid ratten. Och Eva, hans äldsta dotter, hade genast erbjudit sig att hämta. Det är en mycket behaglig flicka, Eva. Lång, mörk — med litet av vallon över dragen. Försynt och stillsam, helt olik sin far. Föräldrar får inte ha favoriter. Men morbröder får och jag har nog aldrig kunnat dölja att Eva står mitt hjärta nära. Hon är tjugo år och läser statistik och nationalekonom vid universitetet. Det är kanske inte de ämnen jag skulle anse lämpliga för en ung, söt flicka. Men jag är ett gammalt fossil och ungdomen bryter glatt vägar genom könsbarriärerna…
Ja, adjunkt Persson är i vissa avseenden ett gammalt fossil: visst lämpar sig nationalekonomi utmärkt även för kvinnor. Förresten undrar jag om det kan vara en viss nybliven professor som har stått förebild för Balderson. Hur många nationalekonomer vid namn Eva kan det finnas?
Prognosfel
Ekonomipristagaren Sir Clive Granger dog nyligen. En dödsruna i The Daily Telegraph återger något han skrev (innan han dog):
A teacher told my mother that ”I would never become successful”, which illustrates the difficulty of long-run forecasting on inadequate data.
Han var skojig, Sir Clive, förutom ekonometriskt begåvad.
Välkommen flygnyhet
Tydligen kommer vätskeförbudet på flygplan att kunna tas bort inom ett år pga. nya röntgenmaskiner:
The screening technology is undergoing secret tests at laboratories in Germany, where scientists are checking its accuracy in detecting bottles of hydrogen peroxide and other liquids that can be turned into bombs.
Människor har hittills försökt sig på att kringgå förbudet på olika sätt:
One man with bottles of frozen water claimed that they were solids and therefore exempt; they were confiscated. Another passenger drank a bottle of vodka in front of security staff to avoid having it confiscated; he was later removed from the flight for being drunk.
Så skönt att snart slippa ta till så drastiska åtgärder.
Vissa gillar nog kriser
Sir Humphrey i Yes, Minister:
Politicians like to panic, they need activity. It is their substitute for achievement.
Man bör dock inte dra alla politiker över en kam. Vissa är mindre aktivitetsorienterade än andra.
Brittiska tidningsläsare
Från Yes, Prime Minister:
Jim Hacker: Don’t tell me about the press. I know exactly who reads the papers:
The Daily Mirror is read by people who think they run the country;
The Guardian is read by people who think they ought to run the country;
The Times is read by people who actually do run the country;
The Daily Mail is read by the wives of the people who run the country;
The Financial Times is read by people who own the country;
The Morning Star is read by people who think the country ought to be run by another country;
And the Daily Telegraph is read by people who think it is.
Sir Humphrey: Prime Minister, what about the people who read the Sun?
Bernard Woolley: Sun readers don’t care who runs the country, as long as she’s got big tits.
Kan även svenska tidningsläsare delas in i så tydliga kategorier?
Tillitskrisen
Se även de tidigare inläggen ”Stimulerar tillit tillväxt” och ”Är tillit människor emellan enbart bra?”.
Hur vill du dö?
David Batra har en preferens:
Jag vill dö lugnt och stilla i sömnen, som min farfar, och inte hysteriskt skrikande, som passagerarna i hans bil.





























































































